# Dutch city bike teardown: made in Ludhiana

> A 28-inch Dutch city bike from a real bill of materials: 16 lines, 14 made in Ludhiana, with process chains, cost drivers and what we inspect before shipment.

Source: https://sourcesquid.co/teardowns/city-bike/

Example teardown · City bike

# City bike teardown: a supply chain from one city.

A lady’s 28-inch Dutch city bike has 16 lines in its bill of materials, and 14 of them are made in Ludhiana, India’s bicycle capital. Only the coaster brake hub and the magnetic lights are imported.

[Get a free teardown of your product](https://sourcesquid.co/start/?from=teardown-city-bike) Explore the drawing

16
    lines in the bill of materials

14
    made in Ludhiana

85%
    SKD: semi knocked down

Every part has a process

## A Dutch city bike is a supply chain from one city.

A lady’s 28-inch city bike, drawn from a real bill of materials. Fourteen of its sixteen lines are made in Ludhiana, India’s bicycle capital. Tap a part to see how.

Example teardowns

Explode60%

Example teardown from a real bill of materials for a lady’s 28-inch city bike, shipped 85% SKD. Cluster links open the India Sourcing Atlas.

In this teardown

## How it is made, and where

  1. What a city bike is made of
  2. The process chain
  3. Why Ludhiana
  4. What drives the cost
  5. What we inspect

**Your product, torn down in 48 hours.** Send a sample, photos, a bill of materials or drawings. We return the process chain, the best clusters and an inspection plan. Free.

[Start your teardown](https://sourcesquid.co/start/?from=teardown-city-bike)

01

## What a city bike is made of

A TIG-welded step-through steel frame, a steel fork, a pressed-steel conical headset and a cartridge bottom bracket. Double-wall aluminium rims on 13-gauge spokes, reflective 28×1.75 tyres, a 44-tooth steel crankset and a half-inch chain. A hi-rise Dutch bar with a quill stem, a PU saddle on steel rails and springs, steel mudguards and a front carrier. The coaster brake hub and magnetic LED lights are bought in.

02

## The process chain

Tube cutting, mitring and bending feed jig welding, alignment, phosphating and powder coating for the frame. Rims are extruded, roll-formed, joined and drilled. Spokes are drawn, headed, thread-rolled and coated. Tyres are compounded, calendered, built and vulcanised. The bike ships 85% assembled, packed in a carton for final set-up at the destination.

03

## Why Ludhiana

Ludhiana makes bicycles and their parts at scale: frames, forks, rims, spokes, cranks, chains, saddles, tyres and mudguards all have specialist makers within a short drive. One cluster means one inspection trip covers almost the whole bike, and sub-suppliers can be audited in days, not weeks.

04

## What drives the cost

Steel grade and weld labour in the frame, paint and coating quality, the imported coaster hub, and the SKD level. SKD packing sets carton volume, so it drives freight per bike as much as assembly labour does. Frame sizes and colours add setup time and stock.

05

## What we inspect

Weld penetration and frame alignment, fatigue tests to ISO 4210, paint adhesion, rim runout, spoke tension, braking performance, carrier load to ISO 11243, and lighting approval marks for the target market. Before loading: a pre-shipment inspection, a carton drop test and a container load plan.

Example teardown for illustration. Standards named here are the ones we usually check against; your drawing and target market set the exact scope.

City bike questions

## Straight answers.

Anything else, ask us directly. A principal replies, not a bot.

[anirudh@sourcesquid.co](mailto:anirudh@sourcesquid.co)

### Can a Dutch-style city bike be made in India?

Yes. In this example, 14 of the 16 bill-of-materials lines are made in Ludhiana. The coaster brake hub and the magnetic lights are imported from specialist makers.

### What does 85% SKD mean?

Semi knocked down: the bike ships about 85% assembled, with the handlebar, pedals and some parts packed for final set-up. It balances carton volume, freight cost and assembly work at the destination.

### Which tests apply to city bikes?

ISO 4210 covers bicycle safety, including frame and fork fatigue, handlebars, saddles, pedals and brakes. Carriers are tested to ISO 11243, and lights need the approval marks of the market you sell in.

### Why source a whole bike from one cluster?

Fewer handovers, faster audits and one inspection trip. Problems between parts, such as fit and finish, are solved between neighbouring factories rather than across borders.

## More example teardowns.

[All teardowns](https://sourcesquid.co/teardowns/)

  * [E-bike**E-bike teardown** Aluminium frame, hub motor and battery: 17 parts with illustrative should-costs.](https://sourcesquid.co/teardowns/e-bike/)
  * [Air monitor**Air quality monitor teardown** Housings, PCBA, PM2.5 sensor and Wi-Fi module: what moved from China to India.](https://sourcesquid.co/teardowns/air-quality-monitor/)
  * [Smart filter**Smart air filter teardown** Reusable frame, MERV 13 media and a Wi-Fi sensor module: one product, two countries.](https://sourcesquid.co/teardowns/smart-air-filter/)
  * [Weldments**Welded frames teardown** Steering tube, fork, tow-bar and anti-tip frames: from tube to KTL, with the checks that matter.](https://sourcesquid.co/teardowns/welded-frames/)

Your product next

## Send us a part. Get the teardown in 48 hours.

Process chain, best sourcing clusters and what we would inspect, from a sample, photos, a bill of materials or drawings. Free.

[Get a free teardown](https://sourcesquid.co/start/?from=teardown-city-bike)[Talk to a principal](https://sourcesquid.co/contact/)